Panel Survey Overview
Purpose
- As the number of people with multicultural backgrounds increases in Korean society, children from multicultural family are gradually increasing as well. According to the Ministry of the Interior (present Ministry of the Interior and Safety), the number of foreign resident children in 2017 was 222,450, and the number of students from multicultural family in 2017 was 109,387 according to the Ministry of Education. This has been increasing every year, and considering the increasing trend of immigrant youth and foreign working children in recent years, the number of youth with multicultural backgrounds is expected to increase further in the future. The number has been increasing every year. Considering the increasing trend of immigrant youth and foreign working children in recent years, the number of youth with multicultural backgrounds is expected to increase further in the future.
- The group with the highest percentage of multicultural youth now are children from family of international marriage born and raised in Korea, and their characteristics vary greatly depending on the background. Regardless, as a result of emphasizing the need for support based on the insufficient aspects of children from multicultural families across society by government ministries, private organizations, and researchers, it has led to a social phenomenon which views multicultural youth as ones lacking in development aspects compared to their Korean counterparts. Therefore, the survey began from the awareness that continuation of strengthening social prejudice of multicultural youth without more optimistic and detailed analysis of development characteristics of them would cause undesired results such as an impediment for social integration of Korean society and internalizing negative self-image by multicultural youth themselves, and more.
- Starting from such awareness, in order to understand more objective characteristics of multicultural youth by following their development in a cross-sectional way and comparing them to mono-cultural youth, National Youth Policy Institute has established panel which consists of multicultural youth and their parents since 2011 and conducted cross-sectional surveys for 9 years until 2019. The survey inquiries into various areas such as characteristics of background, school life, psychological social adaptation, physical development, parent-child relationship, policy support, and more.
Survey History
Overview of Survey Waves from 2011 to 2019. (Survey interval: 1year)
| 10 | 2019 (9th survey) |
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|---|---|---|
| 9 | 2018 (8th survey) |
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| 8 | 2017 (7th survey) |
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| 7 | 2016 (6th survey) |
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| 6 | 2015 (5th survey) |
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| 5 | 2014 (4th survey) |
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| 4 | 22013 (3rd survey) |
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| 3 | 2012 (2nd survey) |
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| 2 | 2011 (1st survey) |
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| 1 | 2010 (Preliminary survey) |
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Survey Subject
- Survey was conducted on 4th year elementary school multicultural youth and their parents at the time of panel setup.
- By definition, multicultural youth includes children from family of international marriage, immigrant youth, and foreign children. Although the survey was not intended to be limited to children from family of international marriage, the majority are the children from family of international marriage in the sample distribution. As a result, children from family of international marriage can be said to be the main target.
- In the event that survey was not possible due to ascendance or death of mother, the survey was conducted with alternative foster (main caregiver).
Survey Method
- The survey was conducted in CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing).
- For their parents (mothers), CAPI can be selected, which provides in Korean or translation in 9 other languages (Korean translation provided under the foreign language)
- For multicultural youth, only Korean was available.
Survey Model
- In 2011, panel was formed on 4th year elementary school multicultural youth and their parents at the time of panel setup. The survey was designed to be conducted until 2025 on same survey subjects.
- Through cross-sectional analysis, it can be analyzed how the group's characteristics and personality change over time.
Survey Content
Survey contents for Youth: Year in parenthesis is the year when the item(s) was added to the survey
<Table 1> MAPS Survey Content Classification for Youth
| Main Category | Sub Category | Survey Item |
|---|---|---|
| Multicultural Characteristics | Language Skill | Whether parents are foreigners, foreign parents' Korean proficiency, language used when communicating with parents, language used between parents, Korean proficiency, other foreign languages, proficiency of language of parents from foreign country |
| Experience in Dual Culture | Recognition of nationality, visit to parents' country, foreign parents' family's experience in Korea, interest in foreign parents' countries, cultural adaptation stress, national identity, bicultural acceptance attitude, multicultural acceptance [2012], indication of multicultural youth[2012] | |
| Attitude towards Support Policy for Multicultural Family | Support for multicultural family [2012], preferred support method [2012], desired support content in the future [2012] | |
| Individual Characteristics | Physical | Health condition, physical satisfaction level |
| Society·Emotion·Behavior | Self-esteem, self-elasticity, life satisfaction, depression [2012], social withdrawal [2012], delinquency [2013], current worries and concerns [2017] | |
| Recognition | Grade, motivation, satisfaction for grade | |
| Career decision | Desired job, major considerations when choosing a job, career attitude [2014], person to discuss career path with [2014], desired education level, plan after junior high school graduation [2016], career barriers [2016], career-related activity by parents [2016] ], plan after middle school graduation [2017], participation and satisfaction in school career education activities [2017], overall satisfaction in school career education activities [2017], part-time job experience [2017] | |
| Environmental Characteristics | Relationship with Parents | Support from family, support from parents[2014], thoughts on parents, parenting attitude by parents, activities and conversations with parents [2017] |
| Friends | Number of close friends, support from friends, companionship (adaptation), experiences of bullying | |
| School life | Difficulties in school life, difficulties in studying, learning activities (adaptation), support form teacher, relationship with teachers (adaptation), presence of adults who can help when difficulty arises in school, high school life [2017] | |
| Support network in local community | presence of adults who can help when difficulty arises outside school, awareness for residential area | |
| Causes for dropout | Life and attitude [2014], influence from friends and peers [2014] | |
| Academic Activity | Course-related learning activity time [2014], special aptitude activity time [2014] |
Survey Content for Parents : *survey items only for parents from foreign country
<Table 2> MAPS Survey Content Classification for Parents
| Main Category | Sub Category | Survey Item |
|---|---|---|
| Background Parameters | Family Characteristics | Marital status, average monthly income level, main sources of income, subjective family circumstances |
| Multicultural Characteristics | Language Skill | Native language, period of stay in Korea, Korean study experience, Korean proficiency |
| Experience in Dual Culture | People who can discuss concerns with, difficulties due to difference in life in Korea from mother country, national identity, peer, degree of consuming food from motherland, values, thoughts about their motherland, language used for communication, language used for writing normally, cultural adaptation stress, cultural adaptation type[2012] | |
| Attitude towards Support Policy for Multicultural Family | Children's experience of receiving multicultural family support [2012], preferred method of support [2012], preferred type of support [2012] | |
| Individual and Environmental Characteristics | Physical/psychological characteristics of mothers | Self-esteem, daily life stress, general health, psychological/physical health, values of individualism/collectivism[2012] |
| Characteristics in Children’s education | Primary caregivers for age of 5-7, primary decision makers for education, degree of help for children's school education, those who mainly teach children's school problems or homework, effort to improve children's grades, activities for children’s school life, availability of multicultural family-related program at the children’s school, preference for the location of the support program, preferred child education method, educational experience for parents of multicultural family in school, experience of children’s learning Korean from a person other than the family [2012], after-school education (including private education) [2014], special aptitude education [2017] | |
| Characteristics in school, career and guidance | Desired children's educational level, expectations for children's future job types, children's future career [2016], career support behavior [2016], career guidance related support request [2016], participation in the information session over career path [2017] | |
| Characteristics in parenting | Difficulties in teaching children [2014], parental efficacy, language used when communicating with children, level of communication with children, languages that children want to be good at, foreign languages for children to learn other than Korean and language of their parents’ country, difficulties in teaching children[2014], language for children to be good at other than Korean [2017], Language for children to be good at other than Korean and language of their parents’ country [2017] |
Survey Area for Background Characteristics
Residing province and city, gender, age, school attendance status, parents’ age, parental education level, parents’ occupation, parents’ country of origin
Survey area and disclosed data may be different.